Удосконалення машини УММ-5 для визначення механічних характеристик конструкційних матеріалів

Abstract

Проведено аналіз сучасних машин для випробування конструкційних матеріалів. Проведено аналіз машин для випробування конструкційних матеріалів, які потребують удосконалення. Визначено шляхи можливого удосконалення існуючих машин. Визначено переваги і недоліки відомих засобів для вимірювання зусиль і деформації. Розроблено елементи конструкції та схемні рішення для удосконалення машини УММ-5, що використовується для експериментального визначення механічних характеристик конструкційних матеріалів в лабораторії опору матеріалів кафедри прикладної механіки та машин Київського національного університету технологій та дизайну. Результати досліджень можуть бути використані для удосконалення діючого устаткування на машинобудівних підприємствах галузі.

Determining the mechanical characteristics of structural materials is very important in the manufacture of products from them for certain operating conditions, in particular under the influence of external deforming forces. The maximum allowable values of relative elongation and tensile strength in tension are determined on a test bench of the type of rupture machine. The rapid pace of computerization of all aspects of human activity has led to the fact that today computers, and, above all, personal computers, have become an essential attribute of various technical systems. This also applies to modern control and data collection systems, control and measurement and laboratory equipment, ie any complexes, the main task of which is the processing and interpretation of information coming from the "outside world". As a result, developers and users of specialized systems face the task of adequate docking of devices that receive information from the outside world, namely sensors of various types, with a personal computer, which is the central node of such a system and perform tasks of coordinating system, information processing comes and issues it to the user in the most convenient form for him. The analysis of modern machines is conducted for the test of construction materials. The analysis of machines is conducted for the test of construction materials that need an improvement. Ways of possible improvement of existing machines are determined. The advantages and disadvantages of the known means for measuring forces and deformation are determined. The paper proposes the improvement of test machines of obsolete type by equipping them with systems for measuring forces and displacements without significantly changing the basic structures. The methodological and theoretical bases of the study are the main provisions of theoretical mechanics, strength of materials and machine elements. Was developed the elements of construction and circuit solutions for improvement the UMM-5 machine, which is used for experimental determination of mechanical characteristics of construction materials in the strength of material laboratory of the Department of Applied Mechanics and Machines of Kyiv National University of Technology and Design. The developed system of combined effort measurement advantageously combines the advantages of classical mechanical meters and electronic data recording means. Improving existing testing machines with the help of the developed system is attractive with low re-equipment costs and does not require significant changes in their design. The research results can be used to improve the existing equipment at machine-building enterprises of the industry